The insertion Devices (ID) group is responsible of design, development and operation of Insertion Devices for the different beamlines at MAX IV Laboratory. Each beamline is fed by insertion device, undulator or wiggler, which consists of an array of permanent magnets that provide an alternating static magnetic field that forces the electron beam to oscillate and thus radiating photon beam. The different ID’s cover photon energy range from VUV to hard X-rays at the three accelerators at MAX IV, the low emittance 3 GeV ring, the 1.5 GeV ring and the 3 GeV linear accelerator as a source for short pulses.

  1. Out-of-vacuum undulators for VUV and Soft X-rays production. It consists of six APPLE II undulators built in-house, one APPLE II and one planar undulators transferred and refurbished from the MAX II ring.
  2. In-vacuum undulators (IVU) and wiggler (IVW) for hard X-rays production. Six IVU’s and one IVW at the 3 GeV ring and two IVU’s at the Short Pulse Facility (SPF).

AcceleratorBeamline nameID TypePeriod Length [mm] Length [m]K-eff valueGap [mm]
3 GeV ringBioMAX*IVU18224.2
3 GeV ringNanoMAX*IVU18224.2
3 GeV ringHIPPIE**APPLE II5343.3511
3 GeV ringVeritas**4843.3511
3 GeV ringBalder***50294.5
3 GeV ringCoSAXS*IVU19.322.24.2
3 GeV ringDanMAX*IVU1631.664
3 GeV ringSoftiMAX**APPLE II4843.3511
3 GeV ringForMAX*IVU1731.854
3 GeV ringMicroMAX*IVU1832.04.2
1.5 GeV ringBloch**Q-APPLE II842.68.6514
1.5 GeV ringFinEstBeAMS**APPLE II95.22.610.414
1.5 GeV ringSPECIES****APPLE II612.64.8516
1.5 GeV ringMAXPEEM**APPLE II582.64.8914
1.5 GeV ringFlexPES****Planar54.42.64.216
SPF 3 GeV linacFemtoMAX*IVU155 x 22.22.2

*) Built by industry, In-Vacuum Undulators
**) Built in-house, APPLE II
***) Built by a collaboration with SOLEIL synchrotron
****) Transfer from MAX II ring, refurbished and characterized at MAX IV ID magnet lab

The Quasi-APPLE II undulator for BLOCH beamline at the 1.5 GeV ringThe FemtoMAX undulators at the SPF hall
The SoftiMAX undulator during magnetic tuningMagnetic arrays of the BioMAX In-vacuum undulator
MATLAB Handle Graphics
MATLAB Handle Graphics
MATLAB Handle Graphics
MATLAB Handle Graphics
MATLAB Handle Graphics

The near term R&D of the Insertion Devices at MAX IV consist of:

APPLEX-360x196
A CAD model of APPLE X undulator for the proposed Soft X-rays FEL at MAX IV
  1. Compact APPLE X undulator with a round aperture for the generation of Soft X-ray. A cost-effective solution compared to the existing APPLE II and provides full polarization control with constant effective K-value as a function of phase, i.e. polarization state. The APPLE X is an ideal source for the proposed soft X-ray FEL at MAX IV and gives the possibility to extend the energy range below 2 keV at the FemtoMAX beamline at the SPF. In addition, it offers higher energy range with full polarization tunability at the 3 GeV MAX IV ring compared to the APPLE II undulators.
  2. Short period Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator CPMU for future hard X-rays beamlines. Period length of 10 – 13 mm and physical gap in the range of 3 – 3.5 mm to extend the hard X-rays range beyond 50 keV with high brilliance >1019 ph/sec 0.1% BW mm2 mrad2 at the 3 GeV MAX IV ring.

Magnetic Measurement Laboratory

The ID group is responsible also of magnetic measurements laboratory at MAX IV. The lab is used for in-house development, construction and characterization of ID’s, which is a key tool to meet the tight requirements of the MAX IV accelerators on the ID’s field quality. The magnetic measurements systems consist of the following;

  1. Hall probe bench which covers 5.5 meters of magnetic length and a high speed on-the-fly local magnetic field measurements.
  2. Stretched Wire system for ID’s field integrals measurements and single magnet block characterization.
  3. Flip coil system for ID’s field integrals measurements.
  4. Pulsed Wire System for local field measurement of closed-structure ID’s, like an IVU or APPLE X, and ID’s field integrals measurements.

The magnetic measurement lab is also equipped with the required infrastructure for IO and motion tests for the ID’s to minimize tunnel access during ID’s installation.

Overview of the ID Magnetic Measurement LaboratoryTwo laser beams for vibration detection at the Pulsed Wire System
Page manager: Hamed Tarawneh March 2, 2023